Krause and Mahan’s Food & the Nutrition Care Process 15th Edition

Krause and Mahan’s Food & the Nutrition Care Process 15th Edition:

PART I. Nutrition Assessment
Introduction
1. Intake: Gastrointestinal digestion, absorption, and excretion of nutrients
The gastrointestinal tract
Brief overview of digestive and absorptive processes
The small intestine: Primary site of nutrient absorption
The large intestine
Summary
Useful websites
References
2. Intake: Energy
Energy requirements
Components of energy expenditure
Estimating energy requirements
Physical activity in children
Calculating food energy
Useful websites/apps
References
3. Clinical: Water, electrolytes, and acid–base balance
Body water
Electrolytes
Acid–base balance
Acid generation
Acid–base disorders
References
4. Intake: Assessment of food- and nutrition-related history
Nutritional status
Nutrition screening
Nutrition assessment
Nutrition-related history
Food and nutrient intake
Food and nutrient administration
Nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes
Nutrition behaviors
Medication and complementary or alternative medicines
Nutrition access
Physical activity and physical function
Nutrition quality of life
References
5. Clinical: Biochemical, physical, and functional assessment
Biochemical assessment of nutrition status
Nutrition interpretation of routine medical laboratory tests
Assessment of hydration status
Assessment for nutritional anemias
Fat-soluble vitamins
Water-soluble vitamins and trace minerals
Chronic disease risk assessment
Physical assessments
Nutrition-focused physical examination
Useful websites
References
6. Nutritional genomics
Genetic and genomic fundamentals
Modes of inheritance
Genetic variation, inheritance, and disease
Nutritional genomics and chronic disease
Summary
Useful websites
References
7. Inflammation and the pathophysiology of chronic disease
Epidemic of chronic disease
Concepts of chronic disease pathophysiology
Inflammation: Common denominator of chronic disease
Nutrient modulators of inflammation
Reducing inflammation in the body
Summary
Useful websites
References
8. Behavioral-environmental: The individual in the community
Social determinants of health
Nutrition practice in the community
Needs assessment for community-based nutrition services
National nutrition surveys
National nutrition guidelines and goals
Food assistance and nutrition programs
Foodborne illness
Food and water safety
Disaster planning
Healthy food and water systems and sustainability
Summary: A work in progress
Useful websites
References
PART II. Nutrition Diagnosis and Intervention
Introduction
9. Overview of nutrition diagnosis and intervention
The nutrition care process
Documentation in the nutrition care record
Influences on nutrition and health care
Nutrition interventions
Nutrition for the terminally ill or hospice client
Useful websites
References
10. Food-nutrient delivery: Planning the diet with cultural competence
Determining nutrient needs
Worldwide guidelines
Nutritional status of americans
National guidelines for diet planning
Food and nutrient labeling
Dietary patterns and counseling tips
Cultural aspects of dietary planning
Useful websites
References
References
11. Food and nutrient delivery: Bioactive substances and integrative care
Complementary and integrative medicine
Use of complementary and integrative therapies
Dietary supplementation
Dietary supplement regulation
Assessment of dietary supplement use in patients
Useful websites
References
12. Food and nutrient delivery: Nutrition support methods
Rationale and criteria for appropriate nutrition support
Enteral nutrition
Enteral nutrition access
Parenteral nutrition
Complications
Refeeding syndrome
Transitional feeding
Nutrition support in long-term and home care
Useful websites
References
13. Education and counseling: Behavioral change
Behavior change
Models for behavior change
Models for counseling strategies
Models for educational program development
Skills and attributes of the nutrition educator or counselor
Assessment results: Choosing focus areas
Counseling approaches after the assessment
Evaluation of effectiveness
Summary
Useful websites
References
PART III. Nutrition in the Life Cycle
Introduction
14. Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation
Preconception and fertility
Conception
Pregnancy
Postpartum period = preconceptual period
Lactation
Useful websites
References
15. Nutrition in infancy
Physiologic development
Nutrient requirements
Milk
Food
Feeding
Useful websites
References
16. Nutrition in childhood
Growth and development
Nutrient requirements
Providing an adequate diet
Nutritional concerns
Preventing chronic disease
Useful websites
References
17. Nutrition in adolescence
Growth and development
Nutrient requirements
Food habits and eating behaviors
Nutrition screening, assessment, and counseling
Special topics
Useful websites
References
18. Nutrition in the adult years
Setting the stage: Nutrition in the adult years
Setting the stage: Messages
Information sources
Lifestyle and health risk factors
Health disparities and global health
Nutritional factors affecting adult women and men
Interventions, nutrition, and prevention
Food trends and patterns
Nutritional supplementation
Functional foods
Adult health next steps
Useful websites
References
19. Nutrition in aging
The older population
Gerontology, geriatrics, and the spectrum of aging
Nutrition in health promotion and disease prevention
Theories on aging
Physiologic changes
Quality of life
Nutrition screening and assessment
Nutrition needs
Medicare benefits
Nutrition support services
Community and residential facilities for older adults
Useful websites
References
PART IV. Nutrition for Weight Management
Introduction
20. Nutrition in weight management
Weight management and obesity: Its foundation in nutritional medicine
Body weight components
Regulation of body weight
Overweight and obesity
Elements of energy balance dysregulation
Management of obesity in adults
Weight management in children and adolescents
Excessive leanness or unintentional weight loss
Useful websites
References
21. Nutrition in eating disorders
Clinical characteristics and medical complications
Treatment approach
Psychologic management
Nutrition management
Medical nutrition therapy and counseling
Summary
Useful websites
References
22. Nutrition in exercise and sports performance
Bioenergetics of physical activity
Fuels for contracting muscles
An integrative approach to working with athletes
Nutritional requirements of exercise
Weight management
Weight management and aesthetics
Macronutrients
Carbohydrate
Protein
Fat
Fluid
Vitamins and minerals
Minerals
Ergogenic AIDS
Popular ergogenic AIDS
Performance enhancement substances and drugs: Doping in sport
Useful websites
References
23. Nutrition and bone health
Introduction
Bone structure and bone physiology
Osteopenia and osteoporosis
Nutrition and bone
Treatment of osteoporosis
References
24. Nutrition for oral and dental health
Nutrition for tooth development
Dental caries
Early childhood caries
Caries prevention
Tooth loss and dentures
Other oral disorders
Periodontal disease
Oral manifestations of systemic disease
Useful websites
References
PART V. Medical Nutrition Therapy
Introduction
25. Medical nutrition therapy for adverse reactions to food: Allergies and intolerances
Definitions
Prevalence
Etiology
Pathophysiology of food allergy
Immune system basics
Food-dependent, exercise-induced anaphylaxis (FDEIA)
Food intolerances
Medical nutrition therapy
Diagnosis
Intervention
Monitoring and evaluation
Prevention of food allergies
Useful websites
References
26. Medical nutrition therapy for upper gastrointestinal tract disorders
The esophagus
The stomach
Gastroparesis
Useful websites
References
27. Medical nutrition therapy for lower gastrointestinal tract disorders
Common intestinal problems
Diseases of the small intestine
Intestinal brush-border enzyme deficiencies
Inflammatory bowel disease
Nutritional consequences of intestinal surgery
Useful websites
References
28. Medical nutrition therapy for hepatobiliary and pancreatic disorders
Physiology and functions of the liver
Diseases of the liver
Complications of esld: Cause and nutrition treatment
Nutrition issues related to end-stage liver disease
Nutrient requirements for cirrhosis
Herbal and dietary supplements and liver disease
Liver resection and transplantation
Physiology and functions of the gallbladder
Diseases of the gallbladder
Complementary and integrative medicine for gallstones
Physiology and functions of the exocrine pancreas
Diseases of the exocrine pancreas
Complementary and integrative medicine for pancreatic disorders
Pancreatic surgery
Useful websites
References
29. Medical nutrition therapy for diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemia of nondiabetic origin
Incidence and prevalence
Categories of glucose intolerance
Screening and diagnostic criteria
Management of prediabetes
Management of diabetes
Implementing the nutrition care process
Acute complications
Long-term complications
Hypoglycemia of nondiabetic origin
Useful websites
References
30. Medical nutrition therapy for thyroid, adrenal, and other endocrine disorders
Thyroid physiology
Assessment in thyroid disorders
Hypothyroidism
Polycystic ovary syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Managing imbalances of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis
Adrenal disorders
Useful websites
References
31. Medical nutrition therapy for anemia
Iron-related blood disorders
Iron overload
Megaloblastic anemias
Other nutritional anemias
Nonnutritional anemias
Useful websites
References
32. Medical nutrition therapy for cardiovascular disease
Atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease
Genetic hyperlipidemias
Hypertension
Heart failure
Cardiac transplantation
Useful websites
References
33. Medical nutrition therapy for pulmonary disease
The pulmonary system
Chronic pulmonary disease
Asthma
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Diffuse parenchymal lung disease
Tuberculosis
Lung cancer
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Pleural effusion
Chylothorax
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Pneumonia
Lung transplantation
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Useful websites
References
34. Medical therapy for renal disorders
Physiology and function of the kidneys
Renal diseases
Education, adherence, and compliance
Acute kidney injury (acute renal failure)
Chronic kidney disease
End-stage renal disease
References
35. Medical nutrition therapy for cancer prevention, treatment, and survivorship
Pathophysiology
Nutrition and carcinogenesis
Chemoprevention
Medical diagnosis and staging of cancer
Medical treatment
Medical nutrition therapy
Integrative, complementary, and functional oncology
Nutritional impact of cancer treatments
Nutrition monitoring and evaluation
Pediatric cancer
Nutrition recommendations for cancer survivors
Useful websites
References
36. Medical nutrition therapy for HIV and AIDS
Epidemiology and trends
Pathophysiology and classification
Medical management
Medical nutrition therapy
HIV in women
HIV in children
Integrative and functional nutrition (IFN)
Useful websites
References
37. Medical nutrition therapy in critical care
Metabolic response to stress
Hormonal and cell-mediated response
Starvation versus stress
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome, sepsis, and organ dysfunction or failure
Malnutrition: The etiology-based definition
Trauma and the open abdomen
Major burns
Surgery
Useful websites
References
38. Medical nutrition therapy for rheumatic and musculoskeletal disease
Etiology
Pathophysiology and inflammation
Medical diagnosis and treatment
Pharmacotherapy
Antiinflammatory diet
Complementary and integrative health approaches
Microbiota and arthritis
Osteoarthritis
Rheumatoid arthritis
Sj?gren’s syndrome
Temporomandibular disorders
Gout
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis or SSc)
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Spondylarthritides
Useful websites
References
39. Medical nutrition therapy for neurologic disorders
The nervous system
Dysphagia
Neurologic diseases of nutritional origin
Neurologic disorders from trauma
Head trauma or neurotrauma
Spine trauma and spinal cord injury
Neurologic diseases
Useful websites
References
40. Medical nutrition therapy in psychiatric and cognitive disorders
The enteric nervous system
Blood glucose regulation
The role of nutrients in mental function
Addiction and substance abuse
Anxiety
Bipolar disorder
Dementia and alzheimer’s disease
Depression
Fatigue, chronic fatigue syndromE (CFS), and fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS)
Schizophrenia
Useful websites
References
PART VI. Pediatric Specialties
Introduction
41. Medical nutrition therapy for low-birthweight infants
Infant mortality and statistics
Physiologic development
Nutrition requirements: Parenteral feeding
Transition from parenteral to enteral feeding
Nutrition requirements: Enteral feeding
Feeding methods
Selection of enteral feeding
Nutrition assessment and growth
Discharge care
Neurodevelopmental outcome
Useful websites
References
42. Medical nutrition therapy for genetic metabolic disorders
Newborn screening
Disorders of amino acid metabolism
Phenylketonuria
Disorders of organic acid metabolism
Disorders of urea cycle metabolism
Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
Disorders of fatty acid oxidation
Role of the nutritionist in genetic metabolic disorders
Useful websites
References
43. Medical nutrition therapy for intellectual and developmental disabilities
Medical nutrition therapy
Chromosomal abnormalities
Neurologic disorders
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Community resources
Useful websites
References
Appendix 1: Milliequivalents and milligrams of electrolytes
Appendix 2: Equivalents conversions and portion scoop sizes
Appendix 3: Growth charts
Appendix 4: Tanner stages of adolescent development for girls and boys
Appendix 5: Direct methods for measuring height and weight and indirect methods for measuring height
Appendix 6: Determination of frame size
Appendix 7: Adjustment of desirable body weight for amputees
Appendix 8: Body mass index table
Appendix 9: Percentage of body fat based on four skinfold measurements
Appendix 10: Physical activity and calories expended per hour
Appendix 11: Nutrition focused physical assessment
Appendix 12: Laboratory values for nutritional assessment and monitoring
Appendix 13: Nutritional implications of selected drugs
Appendix 14: Nutritional facts on fluid and hydration
Appendix 15: Enteral tube feeding formulas for adults marketed in the United States
Appendix 16: Sample stepwise method to calculate a parenteral nutrition PN formula
Appendix 17: Dietary approaches to stop hypertension DASH diet
Appendix 18: Exchange lists and carbohydrate counting for meal planning
Appendix 19: The ketogenic diet
Appendix 20: The international dysphagia diet standardisation initiative IDDSI
Appendix 21: Renal diet for dialysis
Appendix 22: The antiinflammatory diet
Appendix 23: The mediterranean diet
Appendix 24: Nutritional facts on alcoholic beverages
Appendix 25: Nutritional facts on caffeine containing products
Appendix 26: Nutritional facts on essential omega fatty acids
Appendix 27: Nutritional facts on a high fiber diet
Appendix 28: Glycemic index GI and glycemic load GL of selected foods
Appendix 29: Nutritional facts on a high protein diet
Appendix 30: Nutritional facts on vegetarian eating
Appendix 31: Nutritional facts on folic acid vitamin B6 and vitamin B12
Appendix 32: Nutritional facts on choline
Appendix 33: Nutritional facts on biotin
Appendix 34: Nutritional facts on vitamin A and carotenoids
Appendix 35: Nutritional facts on vitamin C
Appendix 36: Nutritional facts on vitamin E
Appendix 37: Nutritional facts on vitamin K
Appendix 38: Nutritional facts on vitamin D
Appendix 39: Nutritional facts on calcium
Appendix 40: Nutritional facts on chromium
Appendix 41: Nutritional facts on iodine
Appendix 42: Nutritional facts on iron
Appendix 43: Nutritional facts on magnesium
Appendix 44: Nutritional facts on potassium
Appendix 45: Nutritional facts on selenium
Appendix 46: Sodium in food
Appendix 47: Nutritional facts on zinc
Index
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End sheet 2

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