Cloud Computing For Dummies 2nd Edition

Introduction 1

About This Book 1

Foolish Assumptions 2

Icons Used in This Book 2

Beyond the Book 3

Where to Go from Here 3

Part 1: Understanding Cloud Concepts 5

Chapter 1: Understanding the Cloud 7

Looking at the Ecosystem of Cloud Computing 8

Understanding Cloud Concepts 8

The public cloud 9

The private cloud 10

The hybrid and multicloud model 10

Cloud Computing Elements: Resource Pools/Cloud Models

and Services 11

Cloud delivery models 13

The computing resources life cycle 14

Understanding Self-Service Provisioning and Elasticity 15

Establishing a Dynamic Life Cycle across Workloads and Data 16

Management Services 17

The Changing Role of the Data Center 17

Evolution of the data center into a private cloud 18

Seeing how the public cloud fits 19

Knowing when the private cloud shines 20

Chapter 2: Embracing the Business Imperative 21

Understanding IT Transformation 22

Escaping the IT Legacy Trap 22

Preparing for the Cloud 23

Building for Innovation 24

The Business Imperatives 25

Optimizing Your Existing Business 26

Modern Development and Deployment Strategies 27

Revisiting Your Business Model 28

Transforming the Business Model 29

Part 2: Examining Architectural Considerations 31

Chapter 3: Architectural Considerations for the Cloud Environment 33

Rethinking the Type of Constituents Your Cloud Serves 34

Putting the Pieces Together 35

Planning for Deployment 36

Latency: Performance matters 37

Security: Planning in context 39

Governance: Getting the right balance 39

Managing colocation 39

Creating flexibility in the model 40

Setting the Right Policies and Business Rules 40

Navigating the Choices in a Hybrid World 41

Optimizing for Workloads 41

Supporting a Dynamic Life Cycle 42

Chapter 4: Managing a Hybrid and Multicloud Environment 43

What Are You Managing? 44

Managing SaaS Applications 44

Optimizing SaaS Management 46

Managing External Cloud Resources 47

Visibility and control of external resources 47

The importance of self-service 49

Service level agreements (SLAs) 49

Addressing Poor Cloud and Computing Behaviors 50

Managing Internal Cloud Resources 51

Managing a hybrid cloud environment 52

Understanding the role of internal SLAs 52

Managing Internal Services 53

Supporting cloud customers 53

Monitoring internal and external systems 53

Constructing dashboards 56

Managing External Services 56

DevOps and deployment to public clouds 57

External system monitoring 57

Application and service life cycles 57

The Future of Multicloud Management 58

Chapter 5: Standards in a Multicloud World 59

What Are Standards? 59

Evolution of Standards 60

Categories of Cloud-Related Standards 61

Interoperability 62

Portability 64

Security 65

Organizations Building Momentum around Standards 66

Cloud Security Alliance 66

Distributed Management Task Force (DMTF) 67

National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) 68

Cloud Standards Customer Council (CSCC) 68

The Open Group 69

Storage Networking Industry Association (SNIA) 69

Vertical groups 70

The Impact of Standards on the Multicloud 70

Chapter 6: A Closer Look at Cloud Services 73

The Importance of Modularity 74

Discovering Why Services Matter in the Cloud 74

Explaining Microservices 75

The imperative to manage microservices 76

Containers 77

Kubernetes 78

Cataloging services 80

Defining Cloud Native Applications 80

Moving from virtual machines to cloud native 81

Creating innovation 82

Differentiating cloud native applications 82

Communicating Using APIs 83

Setting the Stage for Cloud-Enabled Applications 84

Part 3: Understanding Cloud Models 87

Chapter 7: Introducing All Types of Clouds 89

Understanding Public Clouds 89

Commercial public clouds 90

Open social community clouds 92

Open technical community clouds 94

Government clouds 94

Looking at Private Clouds 95

Privately owned and managed clouds 95

Appliances based on public cloud offerings 96

Commercial private cloud 97

Exploring Hybrid Clouds 97

Understanding the Continuum of the Cloud 98

Selecting Multicloud for Choice, Efficiency, and Performance 99

Thinking about the Integration Imperative 101

Types of integration 102

Responsibility for integrations 103

Integration at the service level 103

Integration at the data level 104

Integration at the application level 105

Chapter 8: Using Infrastructure as a Service 107

Understanding IaaS 107

Exploring the Key Components of Public Cloud IaaS 109

The hardware architecture of public clouds 110

Virtualization 111

Elastic resources and services 113

Self-service provisioning 114

Service level agreements (SLA) 115

Metering, billing, and licensing 115

Costs 117

Getting to Know Prominent IaaS Cloud Providers 118

Discovering the Key Components of Private Cloud IaaS 119

Using IaaS in Multicloud 120

Chapter 9: Using Software as a Service 121

Understanding the Characteristics of SaaS 122

Multi-tenancy and its benefits 123

The need for cloud native SaaS 126

Understanding SaaS Economics 127

Figuring Out How SaaS Fits into the Multicloud World 128

Using SaaS as a Platform 130

Discovering who builds applications on SaaS platforms 130

Developing on a SaaS vendor’s platform 131

Looking at examples of SaaS platforms 132

Chapter 10: Standing on Platform as a Service 135

Discovering the Business Value of PaaS 135

Identifying the Characteristics of Platform as a Service 136

Managing the Software Development and Deployment

Life Cycle 138

Managing an Agile Development Environment 139

Defining the Next Generation of Middleware in the Cloud 141

Exploring Types of PaaS Platforms 141

Public PaaS 142

Private PaaS 143

Open PaaS 144

Reaping the Business Benefits of PaaS 144

Part 4: Managing in a Multicloud World 147

Chapter 11: Planning for DevOps in the Cloud 149

Entering a New Era of DevOps 149

The importance of agile development 150

Transforming security 150

Examining Changes for DevOps in the Cloud 151

Discovering the Value of Demand-Driven Applications 152

Examining the Role of CI/CD in Agile Development 153

Continuous integration 153

Continuous testing 153

Continuous delivery 154

Continuous deployment 154

Exploring the Role of Opinionated Continuous Delivery 154

Understanding the Challenges to CI/CD Adoption 155

Continuous Delivery and the Importance of a DevOps Culture 155

The Challenge of CI/CD in the Cloud Era 156

Clouds, Containers, and Microservices 157

Defining Cloud Native Applications 157

Achieving Resilience 158

Discovering Reusable Services 159

Moving from VMs to Cloud Native 159

Open-Source Cloud Native Applications 159

Differentiating Cloud Native Applications 160

The Foundation of Microservices 161

The Imperative to Manage Microservices 162

The Value of the Container Model 162

The Role of APIs 162

Chapter 12: Managing Multicloud Workloads 165

What is a Workload? 166

All workloads aren’t the same 166

Workloads not suited for the cloud 168

Resource abstraction and workloads 169

Workload Management 170

Workload Complexities in the Multicloud Environment 172

Operationalized workloads 172

APIs: Keys to cloud resources 173

Workload Portability 175

Chapter 13: Managing Data Storage in the Cloud 177

Understanding Cloud Storage Fundamentals 178

Cloud storage access protocols 178

Delivery options for cloud storage 181

Functions of cloud storage 182

Benefits of cloud storage 182

Deploying Hybrid Cloud Storage 183

Interfaces 183

Security 183

Reliability 184

Business continuity 184

Reporting and chargeback 184

Management 184

Performance/latency 184

Data and network speed 185

Planning for Cloud Growth and Change 186

Understanding your data 186

Devising a growth strategy 186

Choosing a provider 187

Part 5: Developing Your Cloud Strategy 189

Chapter 14: Managing and Integrating Data in the Cloud 191

Ensuring Trustworthy Data 191

Controlling customer data privacy 192

Assessing cloud data risks 192

Securing data in the cloud 193

Integrating Data across Environments 196

Three integration scenarios 196

Options for cloud data integration 198

Managing Big Data in the Cloud 200

Master data management 200

Big data characteristics 200

Supporting an Analytics Strategy 201

Big data analytics 202

Other cloud analytics 203

Talking to Providers about Data Control 203

Chapter 15: Promoting Cloud Security and Governance 207

Exploring the Risks of Operating in the Cloud 208

Cloud provider risks 210

End-user risks 212

Developing a Secure Hybrid Environment 212

Assessing your current state 213

Assessing your cloud vendor 213

Digging deeper into identity management 216

Understanding data protection options 217

Sharing security responsibility with your cloud provider 218

Creating a Cloud Governance Strategy 219

Understanding governance risks 220

Implementing a governance strategy 221

Making governance work 222

Measuring and monitoring governance performance 222

Chapter 16: Breaking Down Cloud Economics 225

Balancing Costs with Requirements 225

Striking the Right Balance of Environments for a Hybrid Cloud 226

Reaping the Economic Benefit of the Cloud 228

Filling the need for capacity 229

Selecting a SaaS for common applications 231

Selecting a massively scaled application 232

When it’s not black and white 233

Understanding the Economics of the Data Center 234

Evaluating Costs in the Hybrid Environment 236

Chapter 17: Planning Your Cloud Strategy 241

At the Beginning: The Move to the Cloud 242

Starting the Plan 242

Stage 1: Assess your current IT strategy 243

Stage 2: Imagine the future 244

Stage 3: Explore what’s out there 244

Stage 4: Create a hybrid cloud strategy plan 245

Stage 5: Plan for implementation 245

Stages of Strategy Planning: An Overview 246

Focusing the Plan on Providing Services to Your Constituents 247

Cloud service consumer services 247

Comprehensive cloud provider services 247

Cloud service creation services 248

Supporting a Successful Customer Experience 248

Supporting innovation 248

Defining the optimal customer experience 249

Optimizing for workloads 249

Supporting a Dynamic Life Cycle 249

Abstracting Complexity in the Cloud 250

Balancing Costs and Benefits 250

Defining the purpose of your cloud services 250

Taking a holistic approach 251

Part 6: The Part of Tens 253

Chapter 18: Ten Cloud Resources 255

Standards Organizations 255

Consortiums and Councils 256

Open-Source Offerings 257

The Cloud Security Alliance 258

The Cloud Storage Initiative 258

Vendor Sites 258

Cloud Computing Conferences 258

CIO.gov 259

Open Data Center Alliance 259

Chapter 19: Ten Cloud Do’s and Don’ts 261

Do Plan for Cloud Native 261

Do Plan for Data Consistency and Manageability 262

Do Decide and Plan for Cloud Services 262

Do Have a Service Management Plan 263

Do Plan for Portability 263

Do Plan for Security 264

Do Execute on an Overall Hybrid Cloud Plan 264

Don’t Rely on only a Single Vendor 264

Don’t Over-Invest in Licenses 265

Don’t Overlook the Need to Manage Infrastructure 265

Don’t Leave Your Data Center Alone 266

Don’t Ignore the Service Level Agreement 266

Do Move Forward and Don’t Look Back 266

Glossary 267

Index 281

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