Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques 7th Edition

Therapeutic Exercise: Foundations and Techniques 7th Edition:

Part I: General Concepts
Chapter 1: Therapeutic Exercise: Foundational Concepts
Therapeutic Exercise: Impact on Physical Function
Definition of Therapeutic Exercise
Components of Physical Function Related to Movement: Definition of Key Terms
Types of Therapeutic Exercise Interventions
Exercise Safety
Classification of Health Status, Functioning, and Disability—Evolution of Models and Related Terminology
Background and Rationale for Classification Systems
Models of Functioning and Disability—Past and Present
Components of the ICF and Applications in Physical Therapy
Principles of Comprehensive Patient Management
Clinical Decision-Making
Coordination, Communication, and Documentation
Evidence-Based Practice
A Patient Management Model
Strategies for Effective Exercise and Task-Specific Instruction
Health Literacy
Preparation for Exercise Instruction
Concepts of Motor Learning: A Foundation for Exercise and Task-Specific Instruction
Adherence to Exercise
Chapter 2: Prevention, Health, and Wellness
Key Terms and Concepts
Chronic Disease, Prevention, and Health Care
Chronic Conditions Related to Behaviors
Health-Care Costs Due to Risky Behaviors
Investment in Prevention
Wellness
Healthy People 2020
Role of Physical Therapists in Health Promotion and Wellness
Facilitating Transformation
Identifying Risk Factors
Determining Readiness to Change
Physical Activity Guidelines
Physical Activity Recommendations
Considerations for People With Disabilities
Health Disparities and Risks
Achieving Health Equity for Those With Disabilities
Mindfulness: Implications for Health and Wellness
Mindfulness Defined
Mindfulness Meditation
Mindful Breathing
Mindful Eating
Developing and Implementing a Program
Case Example: Exercise and Osteoporosis
Additional Considerations for Developing Prevention, Health, and Wellness Programs
Part II: Applied Science of Exercise and Techniques
Chapter 3: Range of Motion
Types of ROM Exercises
Indications, Goals, and Limitations of ROM
Passive ROM
Active and Active-Assistive ROM
Precautions and Contraindications to ROM Exercises
Principles and Procedures for Applying ROM Techniques
Examination, Evaluation, and Treatment Planning
Patient Preparation
Application of Techniques
Application of PROM
Application of AROM
ROM Techniques
Upper Extremity
Lower Extremity
Cervical Spine
Lumbar Spine
Self-Assisted ROM
Manual Assistance
Wand (T-Bar) Exercises
Wall Climbing
Overhead Pulleys
Skate Board/Powder Board
Reciprocal Exercise Unit
Continuous Passive Motion
Benefits of CPM
General Guidelines for CPM
ROM Through Functional Patterns
Chapter 4: Stretching for Improved Mobility
Definition of Terms Associated With Mobility and Stretching
Flexibility
Hypomobility
Contracture
Selective Stretching
Overstretching and Hypermobility
Overview of Interventions to Increase Mobility of Soft Tissues
Indications, Contraindications, and Potential Outcomes of Stretching Exercises
Indications and Contraindications for Stretching
Potential Benefits and Outcomes of Stretching
Properties of Soft Tissue: Response to Immobilization and Stretch
Mechanical Properties of Noncontractile Soft Tissue
Mechanical and Physiological Properties of Muscle Tissue
Neurophysiological Properties of Skeletal Muscle
Determinants and Types of Stretching Exercises
Alignment and Stabilization
Intensity of Stretch
Duration of Stretch
Speed of Stretch
Frequency of Stretch
Mode of Stretch
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching Techniques
Integration of Function Into Stretching
Procedural Guidelines for Application of Stretching Interventions
Examination and Evaluation of the Patient
Preparation for Stretching
Application of Manual Stretching Procedures
After Stretching
Precautions for Stretching
General Precautions
Special Precautions for Mass-Market Flexibility Programs
Adjuncts to Stretching Interventions
Complementary Approaches
Heat
Cold
Massage
Biofeedback
Joint Traction or Oscillation
Manual Stretching Techniques in Anatomical Planes of Motion
Upper Extremity Stretching
Lower Extremity Stretching
Neck and Trunk
Self-Stretching Techniques
Chapter 5: Peripheral Joint Mobilization/Manipulation
Definitions of Terms
Mobilization/Manipulation
Self-Mobilization (Auto-Mobilization)
Mobilization With Movement
Physiological Movements
Accessory Movements
Resting Position
Manipulation Under Anesthesia
Muscle Energy
Basic Concepts of Joint Motion: Arthrokinematics
Joint Shapes
Types of Motion
Passive-Angular Stretching Versus Joint-Glide Stretching
Other Accessory Motions That Affect the Joint
Effects of Joint Motion
Indications and Limitations for Use of Joint Mobilization/Manipulation
Pain, Muscle Guarding, and Spasm
Reversible Joint Hypomobility
Positional Faults/Subluxations
Progressive Limitation
Functional Immobility
Limitations of Joint Mobilization/Manipulation Techniques
Contraindications and Precautions
Hypermobility
Joint Effusion
Inflammation
Conditions Requiring Special Precautions for Stretching
Procedures for Applying Passive Joint Techniques
Examination and Evaluation
Documentation
Grades or Dosages of Movement for Non-Thrust and Thrust Techniques
Positioning and Stabilization
Direction and Target of Treatment Force
Initiation and Progression of Treatment
Patient Response
Total Program
Mobilization With Movement: Principles of Application
Principles and Application of MWM in Clinical Practice
Patient Response and Progression
Theoretical Framework
Shoulder Girdle Complex
Glenohumeral Joint
Acromioclavicular Joint
Sternoclavicular Joint
Scapulothoracic Soft-Tissue Mobilization
Elbow and Forearm Complex
Humeroulnar Articulation
Humeroradial Articulation
Proximal Radioulnar Joint
Distal Radioulnar Joint
Wrist and Hand Complex
Radiocarpal Joint
Carpometacarpal and Intermetacarpal Joints of Digits II to V
Carpometacarpal Joint of the Thumb
Metacarpophalangeal and Interphalangeal Joints of the Fingers
Hip Joint
Knee Joint Complex
Tibiofemoral Articulations
Patellofemoral Joint
Leg and Ankle Joints
Tibiofibular Joints
Talocrural Joint (Upper Ankle Joint)
Subtalar Joint (Talocalcaneal), Posterior Compartment
Intertarsal and Tarsometatarsal Joints
Intermetatarsal, Metatarsophalangeal, and Interphalangeal Joints
Chapter 6: Resistance Exercise for Impaired Muscle Performance
Muscle Performance and Resistance Exercise: Definitions and Guiding Principles
Strength, Power, and Endurance
Overload Principle
Specific Adaptation to Imposed Demands (SAID) Principle
Reversibility Principle
Skeletal Muscle Function and Adaptation to Resistance Exercise
Factors That Influence Tension Generation in Normal Skeletal Muscle
Physiological Adaptations to Resistance Exercise
Determinants of Resistance Exercise
Alignment and Stabilization
Exercise Intensity
Exercise Volume
Exercise Order
Exercise Frequency
Exercise Duration
Rest Interval (Recovery Period)
Mode of Exercise
Velocity of Exercise
Periodization and Variation of Training
Integration of Function
Types of Resistance Exercise
Manual and Mechanical Resistance Exercise
Isometric Exercise (Static Exercise)
Dynamic Exercise: Concentric and Eccentric
Dynamic Exercise: Constant and Variable Resistance
Isokinetic Exercise
Open Kinetic Chain and Closed Kinetic Chain Exercise
General Principles of Resistance Training
Examination and Evaluation
Preparation for Resistance Exercises
Implementation of Resistance Exercises
Precautions for Resistance Exercise
Valsalva Maneuver
Substitute Motions
Overtraining and Overwork
Exercise-Induced Muscle Soreness
Pathological Fracture
Contraindications to Resistance Exercise
Pain
Inflammation
Severe Cardiopulmonary Disease
Manual Resistance Exercise
Definition and Use
Guidelines and Special Considerations
Techniques: General Background
Upper Extremity
Lower Extremity
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation: Principles and Techniques
Diagonal Patterns
Basic Procedures With PNF Patterns
Upper Extremity Diagonal Patterns
Lower Extremity Diagonal Patterns
Specific Techniques With PNF
Mechanical Resistance Exercise
Application in Rehabilitation Programs
Application in Fitness and Conditioning Programs
Special Considerations for Children and Adolescents
Specific Resistance Training Regimens
Progressive Resistance Exercise
Circuit Weight Training
Isokinetic Regimens
Equipment for Resistance Training
Free Weights and Simple Weight-Pulley Systems
Variable Resistance Units
Elastic Resistance Devices
Equipment for Dynamic Stabilization Training
Equipment for Closed-Chain Training
Reciprocal Exercise Equipment
Isokinetic Testing and Training Equipment
Chapter 7: Principles of Aerobic Exercise
Key Terms and Concepts
Physical Activity
Exercise
Physical Fitness
Maximum Oxygen Consumption
Endurance
Aerobic Exercise Training (Cardiorespiratory Endurance)
Adaptation
Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
Deconditioning
Energy Systems, Energy Expenditure, and Efficiency
Energy Systems
Energy Expenditure
Efficiency
Physiological Response to Aerobic Exercise
Cardiovascular Response to Exercise
Respiratory Response to Exercise
Responses Providing Additional Oxygen to Muscle
Testing as a Basis for Exercise Programs
Fitness Testing of Healthy Subjects
Stress Testing for Convalescing Individuals and Individuals at Risk
Multistage Testing
Determinants of an Exercise Program
Frequency
Intensity
Time (Duration)
Type (Mode)
Volume
Progression
Exercise Program
Warm-Up Period
Aerobic Exercise Period
Cool-Down Period
Physiological Changes That Occur With Training
Cardiovascular Changes
Respiratory Changes
Metabolic Changes
Other System Changes
Application of Principles of an Aerobic Training Program for the Patient With Coronary Disease
Inpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation
Outpatient Cardiac Rehabilitation: Early Exercise Program
Maintenance Program
Special Considerations
Adaptive Changes
Applications of Aerobic Training for the Deconditioned Individual and the Patient With Chronic Illness
Deconditioning
Reversal of Deconditioning
Adaptations for Those With Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Impairments, Goals, and Plan of Care
Age Differences
Children
Young Adults
Older Adults
Chapter 8: Exercise for Impaired Balance
Background and Concepts
Balance: Key Terms and Definitions
Balance Control
Sensory Systems and Balance Control
Motor Strategies for Balance Control
Balance Control Under Varying Conditions
Impaired Balance
Sensory Input Impairments
Sensorimotor Integration Impairments
Biomechanical and Motor Output Impairments
Deficits With Aging
Deficits From Medications
Management of Impaired Balance
Examination and Evaluation of Impaired Balance
Balance Training
Health and Environmental Factors
Evidence-Based Balance Exercise Programs for Fall Prevention in the Elderly
Evidence-Based Balance Exercise Programs for Specific Musculoskeletal Conditions
Chapter 9: Aquatic Exercise
Definition of Aquatic Exercise
Goals and Indications for Aquatic Exercise
Precautions and Contraindications to Aquatic Exercise
Precautions
Contraindications
Properties of Water
Physical Properties of Water
Hydromechanics
Thermodynamics
Center of Buoyancy
Aquatic Temperature and Therapeutic Exercise
Temperature Regulation
Mobility and Functional Control Exercise
Aerobic Conditioning
Pools for Aquatic Exercise
Traditional Therapeutic Pools
Individual Patient Pools
Special Equipment for Aquatic Exercise
Collars, Rings, Belts, and Vests
Swim Bars
Gloves, Hand Paddles, and Hydro-tone® Bells
Fins and Hydro-tone® Boots
Kickboards
Pool Care and Safety
Stretching Exercises
Manual Stretching Techniques
Spine Stretching Techniques
Shoulder Stretching Techniques
Hip Stretching Techniques
Knee Stretching Techniques
Self-Stretching With Aquatic Equipment
Strengthening Exercises
Manual Resistance Exercises
Upper Extremity Manual Resistance Techniques
Lower Extremity Manual Resistance Techniques
Dynamic Trunk Stabilization
Independent Strengthening Exercises
Aerobic Conditioning
Treatment Interventions
Physiological Response to Deep-Water Walking/Running
Proper Form for Deep-Water Running
Exercise Monitoring
Equipment Selection
Part III: Principles of Intervention
Chapter 10: Soft Tissue Injury, Repair, and Management
Soft Tissue Lesions
Examples of Soft Tissue Lesions: Musculoskeletal Disorders
Clinical Conditions Resulting From Trauma or Pathology
Severity of Tissue Injury
Irritability of Tissue: Stages of Inflammation and Repair
Management During the Acute Stage
Tissue Response: Inflammation
Management Guidelines: Maximum Protection (Phase I)
Management During the Subacute Stage
Tissue Response: Proliferation, Repair, and Healing
Management Guidelines: Moderate Protection/Controlled Motion (Phase II)
Management During the Chronic Stage
Tissue Response: Maturation and Remodeling
Management Guidelines: Minimum to No Protection/Return to Function (Phase III)
Cumulative Trauma: Chronic Recurring Pain
Tissue Response: Chronic Inflammation
Causes of Chronic Inflammation
Contributing Factors
Management Guidelines: Chronic Inflammation
Chapter 11: Joint, Connective Tissue, and Bone Disorders and Their Management
Arthritis: Arthrosis
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis: Degenerative Joint Disease
Fibromyalgia and Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Fibromyalgia
Myofascial Pain Syndrome
Osteoporosis
Risk Factors
Prevention of Osteoporosis
Recommendations for Exercise
Precautions and Contraindications
Fractures and Posttraumatic Immobilization
Risk Factors
Bone Healing Following a Fracture
Principles of Management: Period of Immobilization
Postimmobilization
Chapter 12: Surgical Interventions and Postoperative Management
Indications for Surgical Intervention
Guidelines for Preoperative and Postoperative Management
Considerations for Preoperative Management
Considerations for Postoperative Management
Potential Postoperative Complications and Risk Reduction
Deep Vein Thrombosis and Pulmonary Embolism: A Closer Look
Overview of Common Orthopedic Surgeries and Postoperative Management
Surgical Approaches
Tissue Grafts
Repair, Reattachment, Reconstruction, Stabilization, or Transfer of Soft Tissues
Release, Lengthening, or Decompression of Soft Tissues
Joint Procedures
Extra-articular Bony Procedures
Chapter 13: Peripheral Nerve Disorders and Management
Review of the Peripheral Nervous System
Nerve Structure
Mobility Characteristics of the Nervous System
Common Sites of Injury to Peripheral Nerves
Nerve Injury and Recovery
Mechanisms of Nerve Injury
Classification of Nerve Injuries
Recovery From Nerve Injuries
Management Guidelines: Recovery From Nerve Injury
Neural Tension Disorders
Symptoms and Signs of Impaired Nerve Mobility
Causes of Symptoms
Principles of Management
Precautions and Contraindications to Neurodynamic Testing and Treatment
Neural Testing and Mobilization Techniques for the Upper Quadrant
Neural Testing and Mobilization Techniques for the Lower Quadrant
Thoracic Outlet Syndrome
Related Diagnoses
Etiology of Symptoms
Sites of Compression or Entrapment
Common Impairments of Structure and Function in TOS
Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Nonoperative Management of TOS
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Etiology of Symptoms
Examination
Common Impairments of Structure in CTS
Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Nonoperative Management of CTS
Surgical and Postoperative Management for CTS
Ulnar Nerve Compression in the Tunnel of Guyon
Etiology of Symptoms
Examination
Common Impairments of Structure
Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Nonoperative Management
Surgical Release and Postoperative Management
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
Signs and Symptoms of CRPS
Etiology of Symptoms
Clinical Course
Common Impairments of Structure in CRPS
Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Management
Part IV: Exercise Interventions by Body Region
Chapter 14: The Spine: Structure, Function, and Posture
Structure
Functional Components of the Spine
Motions of the Spinal Column
Arthrokinematics of the Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints
Structure and Function of Intervertebral Discs and Cartilaginous End-Plates
Intervertebral Foramina
Biomechanical Influences on Postural Alignment
Curves of the Spine
Gravity
Stability
Postural Stability in the Spine
Inert Structures: Influence on Stability
Muscles: Influence on Stability
Neurological Control: Influence on Stability
Effects of Limb Function on Spinal Stability
Effects of Breathing on Posture and Stability
Effects of Intra-abdominal Pressure and the Valsalva Maneuver on Stability
Etiology of Pain
Effect of Mechanical Stress
Effect of Impaired Postural Support From Trunk Muscles
Effect of Impaired Muscle Endurance
Pain Syndromes Related to Impaired Posture
Common Faulty Postures: Characteristics and Impairments
Pelvic and Lumbar Region
Cervical and Thoracic Region
Frontal Plane Deviations: Scoliosis and Lower Extremity Asymmetries
General Management Guidelines
Awareness and Control of Spinal Posture
Posture, Movement, and Functional Relationships
Joint, Muscle, and Connective Tissue Mobility Impairments
Impaired Muscle Performance
Body Mechanics
Ergonomics: Relief and Prevention
Stress Management/Relaxation
Healthy Exercise Habits
Chapter 15: The Spine: Management Guidelines
Pathology of the Intervertebral Disc
Injury and Degeneration of the Disc
Disc Pathologies and Related Conditions
Signs and Symptoms of Disc Lesions and Fluid Stasis
Pathomechanical Relationships of the Intervertebral Disc and Facet Joints
Disc Degeneration
Related Pathologies
Pathology of the Zygapophyseal (Facet) Joints
Common Diagnoses and Impairments From Facet Joint Pathologies
Pathology of the Vertebrae
Compression Fracture Secondary to Osteoporosis
Scheuermann’s Disease
Pathology of Muscle and Soft Tissue Injuries: Strains, Tears, and Contusions
General Symptoms From Trauma
Common Sites of Lumbar Strain
Common Sites of Cervical Strain
Postural Strain
Emotional Stress
Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Pathomechanics of Spinal Instability
Neutral Zone
Instability
Principles of Management for the Spine
Examination and Evaluation
General Guidelines for Managing Acute Spinal Impairments: Maximum Protection Phase
General Guidelines for Managing Subacute Spinal Impairments: Controlled Motion Phase
General Guidelines for Managing Chronic Spinal Impairments: Return to Function Phase
Management Guidelines: Nonweight-Bearing Bias
Management of Acute Symptoms
Progression
Management Guidelines: Extension Bias
Principles of Management
Indications, Precautions, and Contraindications for Interventions: Extension Approach
Interventions Using an Extension Approach in the Lumbar Spine
Interventions to Manage a Disc Lesion in the Cervical Spine
Disc Lesions: Surgery and Postoperative Management
Indications for Surgery
Common Surgeries
Procedures
Postoperative Management
Management Guidelines: Flexion Bias
Principles of Management
Indications and Contraindications for Intervention: Flexion Approach
Techniques Utilizing a Flexion Approach
Management Guidelines: Stabilization
Identification of Clinical Instability
Principles of Management
Management Guidelines: Mobilization/Manipulation
Management: Lumbar Spine
Management: Cervical Spine
Management Guidelines: Soft Tissue Injuries
Management During the Acute Stage: Protection Phase
Management in the Subacute and Chronic Stages of Healing: Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Lower Thoracic and Lumbopelvic Region
Compression Fracture Secondary to Osteoporosis
Spondylolisthesis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Scheuermann’s Disease
Rib Subluxation
Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
Cervical and Upper Thoracic Region
Tension Headache/Cervical Headache
Neck Pain
Cervical Radiculopathy
Cervical Myelopathy
Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction
Structure and Function
Signs and Symptoms
Etiology of Symptoms
Principles of Management and Interventions
Chapter 16: The Spine: Exercise and Manipulation Interventions
Fundamental Interventions
Patient Education
General Exercise Guidelines
Kinesthetic Awareness
Mobility/Flexibility
Muscle Performance
Cardiopulmonary Endurance
Functional Activities
Elements of Functional Training: Fundamental Techniques
Position of Symptom Relief
Effects of Movement on the Spine
Blending of Kinesthetic Training, Stabilization Exercises, and Fundamental Body Mechanics
Progression to Active and Habitual Control of Posture
Cervical and Upper Thoracic Region: Stretching Techniques
Techniques to Increase Thoracic Extension
Techniques to Increase Cervical Retraction (Axial Extension): Scalene Muscle Stretch
Techniques to Increase Upper Cervical Flexion: Suboccipital Muscle Stretch
Traction as a Stretching Technique
Cervical Joint Manipulation Techniques
Manipulation to Increase Cervical Flexion
Manipulation to Increase Cervical Extension
Manipulation to Increase Cervical Rotation
Manipulation to Increase Cervical Rotation and Side Bending
Manipulation to Increase Cervical Rotation and Side Bending: Alternate Technique
Muscle Energy Techniques to Increase Craniocervical Mobility
Techniques to Increase Craniocervical Flexion
Techniques to Increase Craniocervical Rotation
Mid and Lower Thoracic and Lumbar Regions: Stretching Techniques
Techniques to Increase Lumbar Flexion
Techniques to Increase Lumbar Extension
Techniques to Increase Lateral Flexibility of the Spine
Traction as a Stretching Technique
Thoracic and Lumbar Joint Manipulation and HVT Techniques
Manipulation Technique to Increase Thoracic Spine Extension
Manipulation Technique to Increase Thoracic Spine Flexion
Manipulation to Increase Thoracic Spine Rotation
Pistol Thrust to Increase Thoracic Spine Mobility
Cross-Arm Thrust to Increase Thoracic Spine Mobility
Fall Thrust to Increase Thoracic Spine Mobility
Rib Manipulation for Expiratory Restriction
Rib Manipulation for Inspiratory Restriction
Elevated First Rib Manipulation
Manipulation Techniques to Increase Lumbar Spine Extension
Manipulation to Increase Lumbar Spine Rotation
Manipulation to Increase Lumbar Intervertebral Side Bending
HVT Lumbar Roll to Increase Lumbar Rotation
SI Joint Manipulation Technique to Increase Sacral Nutation (Flexion)
SI Joint Manipulation Technique to Increase Sacral Counternutation (Extension)
Posterior Rotation Manipulation to Innominate
Stabilization Training: Fundamental Techniques and Progressions
Guidelines for Stabilization Training
Deep Segmental Muscle Activation and Training
Global Muscle Stabilization Exercises
Isometric and Dynamic Exercises
Exercises for the Cervical Region
Exercises for the Thoracic and Lumbar Regions
Common Aerobic Exercises and Effects on the Spine
Cycling
Walking and Running
Stair Climbing
Cross-Country Skiing and Ski Machines
Swimming
Upper Body Ergometers
Step Aerobics and Aerobic Dancing
Cross Fit
“Latest Popular Craze”
Early Functional Training: Fundamental Techniques
Preparation for Functional Activities: Basic Exercise Techniques
Weight-Bearing Exercises
Transitional Stabilization Exercises
Body Mechanics and Environmental Adaptations
Principles of Body Mechanics: Instruction and Training
Environmental Adaptations
Intermediate to Advanced Exercise Techniques for Functional Training
Repetitive Lifting
Repetitive Reaching
Repetitive Pushing and Pulling
Rotation or Turning
Transitional Movements
Transfer of Training
Patient Education for Prevention
Chapter 17: The Shoulder and Shoulder Girdle
Joints of the Shoulder Complex
Synovial Joints
Functional Articulations
Scapular Stability
Shoulder Girdle Function
Scapulohumeral Rhythm
Clavicular Elevation and Rotation With Humeral Motion
External Rotation of the Humerus With Elevation
Deltoid–Short Rotator Cuff and Supraspinatus Mechanisms
Referred Pain and Nerve Injury
Common Sources of Referred Pain in the Shoulder Region
Nerve Disorders in the Shoulder Girdle Region
Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management
Glenohumeral Joint
Acromioclavicular and Sternoclavicular Joints
Glenohumeral Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management
Glenohumeral Arthroplasty
Painful Shoulder Syndromes (Rotator Cuff Disease and Impingement Syndromes): Nonoperative Management
Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function
Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Management: Painful Shoulder Syndromes
Painful Shoulder Syndromes: Surgery and Postoperative Management
Subacromial Decompression and Postoperative Management
Rotator Cuff Repair and Postoperative Management
Shoulder Instabilities: Nonoperative Management
Related Pathologies and Mechanisms of Injury
Closed Reduction of Anterior Dislocation
Closed Reduction of Posterior Dislocation
Shoulder Instabilities: Surgery and Postoperative Management
Glenohumeral Joint Stabilization Procedures and Postoperative Management
Acromioclavicular and Sternoclavicular Joint Stabilization Procedures and Postoperative Management
Exercise Techniques During Acute and Early Subacute Stages of Tissue Healing
Early Motion of the Glenohumeral Joint
Early Motion of the Scapula
Early Neuromuscular Control
Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion
Self-Stretching Techniques to Increase Shoulder ROM
Manual and Self-Stretching Exercises for Specific Muscles
Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control
Isometric Exercises
Stabilization Exercises
Dynamic Strengthening Exercises: Scapular Muscles
Dynamic Strengthening Exercises: Glenohumeral Muscles
Functional Progression for the Shoulder Complex
Chapter 18: The Elbow and Forearm Complex
Joints of the Elbow and Forearm
Elbow Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics
Forearm Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics
Muscle Function at the Elbow and Forearm
Primary Actions at the Elbow and Forearm
Relationship of Wrist and Hand Muscles to the Elbow
Referred Pain and Nerve Injury in the Elbow Region
Common Sources of Referred Pain Into the Elbow Region
Nerve Disorders in the Elbow Region
Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management
Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function
Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion Phase
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Return to Function Phase
Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management
Radial Head Excision or Arthroplasty
Total Elbow Arthroplasty
Myositis Ossificans
Etiology of Symptoms
Management
Overuse Syndromes: Repetitive Trauma Syndromes
Related Pathologies
Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function
Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Nonoperative Management of Overuse Syndromes: Protection Phase
Nonoperative Management: Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion
Manual, Mechanical, and Self-Stretching Techniques
Self-Stretching Techniques: Muscles of the Medial and Lateral Epicondyles
Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control
Isometric Exercises
Dynamic Strengthening and Endurance Exercises
Functional Progression for the Elbow and Forearm
Chapter 19: The Wrist and Hand
Joints of the Wrist and Hand
Wrist Joint: Characteristics and Arthrokinematics
Hand Joints: Characteristics and Arthrokinematics
Hand Function
Muscles of the Wrist and Hand
Grips and Prehension Patterns
Major Nerves Subject to Pressure and Trauma at the Wrist and Hand
Nerve Disorders in the Wrist
Referred Pain and Sensory Patterns
Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management
Common Joint Pathologies and Associated Impairments
Common Impairments of Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management
Wrist Arthroplasty
Metacarpophalangeal Implant Arthroplasty
Proximal Interphalangeal Implant Arthroplasty
Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty of the Thumb
Tendon Rupture Associated With RA: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Repetitive Trauma Syndromes/Overuse Syndromes
Tendinopathy
Traumatic Lesions of the Wrist and Hand
Simple Sprain: Nonoperative Management
Lacerated Flexor Tendons of the Hand: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Lacerated Extensor Tendons of the Hand: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Techniques for Musculotendinous Mobility
Tendon-Gliding and Tendon-Blocking Exercises
Scar Tissue Mobilization for Tendon Adhesions
Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion
General Stretching Techniques
Stretching Techniques of the Intrinsic and Multijoint Muscles
Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance, Neuromuscular Control, and Coordinated Movement
Techniques to Strengthen Muscles of the Wrist and Hand
Dexterity and Functional Activities
Chapter 20: The Hip
Anatomical Characteristics of the Hip Region
Bony Structures
Hip Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics
Influence of the Hip Joint on Balance and Posture Control
Functional Relationships in the Hip Region
Motions of the Femur and Muscle Function
Motions of the Pelvis and Muscle Function
Hip, Knee, and Ankle Functional Relationships in Weight Bearing
Pathomechanics in the Hip Region
The Hip and Gait
Hip Muscle Function and Gait
Effect of Musculoskeletal Impairments on Gait
Referred Pain and Nerve Injury
Major Nerves Subject to Injury or Entrapment
Common Sources of Referred Pain in the Hip and Buttock Region
Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management
Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function
Common Activity Limitations and Participation Restrictions
Management: Protection Phase
Management: Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management
Arthroscopic Procedures for the Hip
Total Hip Arthroplasty
Hemiarthroplasty of the Hip
Hip Fractures: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Hip Fracture: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Impact on Function
Sites and Types of Hip Fracture
Nonoperative Management
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Hip Fracture
Painful Hip Syndromes: Nonoperative Management
Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function
Management: Protection Phase
Management: Controlled Motion Phase
Management: Return to Function Phase
Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion
Techniques to Stretch Range-Limiting Hip Structures
Techniques to Stretch Range-Limiting, Two-Joint Muscles
Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control
Open-Chain (Nonweight-Bearing) Exercises
Closed-Chain (Weight-Bearing) Exercises
Functional Progression for the Hip
Chapter 21: The Knee
Joints of the Knee Complex
Tibiofemoral Joint
Patellofemoral Joint
Patellar Function
Patellar Alignment
Patellar Compression
Muscle Function
Knee Extensor Muscle Function
Knee Flexor Muscle Function
Dynamic Stability of the Knee
The Knee and Gait
Muscle Control of the Knee During Gait
Hip and Ankle Impairments
Referred Pain and Nerve Injuries
Major Nerves Subject to Injury at the Knee
Common Sources of Referred Pain
Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management
Common Joint Pathologies and Associated Impairments
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management
Repair of Articular Cartilage Defects
Total Knee Arthroplasty
Patellofemoral Dysfunction: Nonoperative Management
Related Patellofemoral Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments
Patellofemoral Symptoms: Management—Protection Phase
Patellofemoral Symptoms: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Patellar Instability: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Overview of Surgical Options
Proximal Extensor Mechanism Realignment: Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Repair or Reconstruction and Related Procedures
Distal Realignment Procedures: Patellar Tendon With Tibial Tubercle Transfer and Related Procedures
Ligament Injuries: Nonoperative Management
Mechanisms of Injury
Ligament Injuries in the Female Athlete
Common Impairments, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Conservative Management of the Ligament Injuries
Ligament Injuries: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Background
Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Meniscus Tears: Nonoperative Management
Mechanisms of Injury
Common Impairments and Activity Limitations
Management
Meniscus Tears: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Meniscus Repair
Partial Meniscectomy
Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion
To Increase Knee Extension
To Increase Knee Flexion
To Increase Mobility of the IT Band at the Knee
Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control
Open-Chain (Nonweight-Bearing) Exercises
Closed-Chain (Weight-Bearing) Exercises
Functional Progression for the Knee
Chapter 22: The Ankle and Foot
Structural Relationships and Motions
Anatomical Characteristics
Motions of the Foot and Ankle Defined
Joint Characteristics and Arthrokinematics: Leg, Ankle, and Foot
Function of the Ankle and Foot
Structural Relationships
Muscle Function in the Ankle and Foot
The Ankle/Foot Complex and Gait
Function of the Ankle and Foot Joints During Gait
Muscle Control of the Ankle and Foot During Gait
Referred Pain and Nerve Injury
Major Nerves Subject to Pressure and Trauma
Common Sources of Segmental Sensory Reference in the Foot
Joint Hypomobility: Nonoperative Management
Common Joint Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Protection Phase
Joint Hypomobility: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Joint Surgery and Postoperative Management
Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Arthrodesis of the Ankle and Foot
Leg, Heel, and Foot Pain: Nonoperative Management
Related Pathologies and Etiology of Symptoms
Common Impairments of Structure and Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Leg, Heel, Foot Pain: Management—Protection Phase
Leg, Heel, Foot Pain: Management—Controlled Motion and Return to Function Phases
Ligamentous Injuries: Nonoperative Management
Common Impairments of Structure and Function, Activity Limitations, and Participation Restrictions
Ankle Sprain: Management—Protection Phase
Ankle Sprain: Management—Controlled Motion Phase
Ankle Sprain: Management—Return to Function Phase
Traumatic Soft Tissue Injuries: Surgical and Postoperative Management
Repair of Complete Lateral Ankle Ligament Tears
Repair of a Ruptured Achilles Tendon
Exercise Techniques to Increase Flexibility and Range of Motion
Flexibility Exercises for the Ankle Region
Flexibility Exercises for Limited Mobility of the Toes
Stretching the Plantar Fascia of the Foot
Exercises to Develop and Improve Muscle Performance and Functional Control
Exercises to Develop Dynamic Neuromuscular Control
Open-Chain (Nonweight-Bearing) Exercises
Closed-Chain (Weight-Bearing) Exercises
Functional Progression for the Ankle and Foot
Chapter 23: Advanced Functional Training
Exercises for Stability and Balance
Guidelines Revisited
Advanced Stabilization and Balance Exercises
Exercises for Strength and Power
Advanced Strengthening Exercises
Plyometric Training: Stretch-Shortening Drills
Part V: Special Areas of Therapeutic Exercise
Chapter 24: Exercise for the Older Adult
Definitions and Descriptions Applied to Older Adults
Definitions: Quantitative and Qualitative
Healthy People 2020
Complexity of Diagnoses in the Older Population
Health Trends in the Aging Population
Wellness Aging Model Related to Illness, Injury, and Immobility
Aging: Primary and Secondary
Effects of Aging or Senescence on the Body Systems
Effects of Decreased Activity
Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise
The Choosing Wisely Initiative
Justification for Exercise and Physical Activity
Considerations Prior to Implementation of Exercise
Examination of the Aging Adult: Highlights
Exercise Prescription for the Older Adult
Multidimensional Program
Aerobic Exercise for the Older Adult
Flexibility Exercises for the Older Adult
Balance Training for the Older Adult
Resistance Exercise for the Older Adult
Functional Training for the Older Adult
Common Disorders in Older Adults and Exercise Recommendations
Falls in Older Adults
Osteoporosis
Sarcopenia/Frailty
Osteoarthritis
Obesity
Cancer
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Urinary Incontinence
Summary
Chapter 25: Women’s Health: Obstetrics and Pelvic Floor
Characteristics of Pregnancy and Labor
Pregnancy
Labor
Anatomical and Physiological Changes of Pregnancy
Weight Gain During Pregnancy
Changes in Organ Systems
Changes in Posture and Balance
Overview of Pelvic Floor Anatomy, Function, and Dysfunction
Pelvic Floor Musculature
Effect of Childbirth on the Pelvic Floor
Classification of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction
Risk Factors for Dysfunction in the Female Population
Considerations for Treatment of Pelvic Floor Dysfunction in the Male Population
Interventions for Pelvic Floor Impairments
Pregnancy-Induced Pathology
Diastasis Recti
Posture-Related Back Pain
Sacroiliac/Pelvic Girdle Pain
Varicose Veins
Joint Laxity
Nerve Compression Syndromes
Exercises for the Pelvic Floor
Pelvic Floor Awareness and Training
Related Exercises for Pelvic Floor Stabilization
Aerobic Exercise During Pregnancy
Maternal Response to Aerobic Exercise
Fetal Response to Maternal Aerobic Exercise
Recommendations for Aerobic Training
Exercise for the Uncomplicated Pregnancy and Postpartum
Guidelines for Managing the Pregnant Woman
Precautions and Contraindications to Exercise during Pregnancy
Critical Areas of Emphasis and Selected Exercise Techniques
Relaxation and Breathing Exercises for Use During Labor
Unsafe Postures and Exercises During Pregnancy
Exercise Critical to the Postpartum Period
Cesarean Childbirth
Significance to Physical Therapists
Suggested Activities for the Patient Following a Cesarean Section
High-Risk Pregnancy
High-Risk Conditions
Management Guidelines and Precautions for High-Risk Pregnancies
Chapter 26: Management of Lymphatic Disorders
Disorders of the Lymphatic System
Structure and Function of the Lymphatic System
Types of Lymphedema
Clinical Manifestations of Lymphatic Disorders
Examination and Evaluation of Lymphatic Function
Lymphedema Risk Reduction
Management of Lymphedema
Breast Cancer–Related Lymphatic Dysfunction
Background
Surgical Procedures
Radiation Therapy
Impairments and Complications Related to Breast Cancer Treatment
Guidelines for Management Following Breast Cancer Surgery
Exercises for the Management of Lymphedema
Background and Rationale
Components of Exercise Regimens for Management of Lymphedema
Guidelines for Lymphatic Drainage Exercises
Selected Exercises for Lymphatic Drainage: Upper and Lower Extremity Sequences
Index

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