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Macleod’s Clinical Examination 14th Edition
Macleod’s Clinical Examination Fourteenth Edition:
This classic textbook aims to assist clinicians develop the consultation skills required to elicit a clear history, and the practical skills needed to detect clinical signs of disease. Where possible, the physical basis of clinical signs is explained to aid understanding. Formulation of a differential diagnosis from the information gained is introduced, and the logical initial investigations are included for each system.
- The first part of the book addresses the general principles of good interaction with patients, from the basics of taking a history and examining, to the use of pattern recognition to identify spot diagnoses.
- The second part documents the relevant history, examination and investigations for all the major body systems.
- The third part illustrates the application of these skills to specific clinical situations.
- The final part covers preparation for assessments of clinical skills and the use of these skills in everyday practice.
- The book has accompanying videos demonstrating many of the key clinical examination routines as set out in the book.
- A new editorial team has undertaken a substantial review of the book’s contents and with the help of many new authors has radically revised the order and approach of the text.
- Several new chapters have been created including a chapter on patients with mental disorders; a chapter covering the approach to a deteriorating patient; a chapter on assessment of patients towards the end of life and two new chapters on applying the key clinical skills during assessments and in practice.
- The structure of the text has been rationalised with careful use of boxes, tables and figures to set out the concepts for maximum clarity.
Additional ISBNs:
∗ eText ISBN: 0702069914, 978-0702069918, 9780702069918
Table of Contents
Table of Contents
John Macleod (1915–2006)
Copyright
Preface
Acknowledgements
How to make the most of this book
Examination sequences
Clinical skills videos
Key points in examinations: photo galleries
Video contents
Video production team
Contributors
Section 1 Principles of Clinical History and Examination
Introduction
1 Managing clinical encounters with patients
The clinical encounter
Alternatives to face-to-face encounters
Professional responsibilities
Personal responsibilities
2 General aspects of history taking
The importance of a clear history
Gathering information
Difficult situations
3 General aspects of examination
General principles of physical examination
Preparing for physical examination
Sequence for performing a physical examination
Initial observations
Hands
Skin
Tongue
Odours
Body habitus and nutrition
Lumps and lymph nodes
Spot diagnoses
Section 2 System-Based Examination
Introduction
4 The cardiovascular system
Heart
Peripheral arterial system
Peripheral venous system
5 The respiratory system
Anatomy and physiology
The history
The physical examination
Interpretation of the findings
Investigations
6 The gastrointestinal system
Anatomy and physiology
The history
The physical examination
Investigations
7 The nervous system
Anatomy and physiology
The history
The physical examination
Cranial nerves
Motor system
Sensory system
Peripheral nerves
Interpretation of the findings
Investigations
8 The visual system
Anatomy and physiology
The history
The physical examination
Investigations
9 The ear, nose and throat
Ear
Nose and sinuses
Mouth, throat and neck
10 The endocrine system
The thyroid
The parathyroids
The pituitary
The adrenals
The gonads
Diabetes
11 The reproductive system
Breast
Female reproductive system
Obstetric history and examination: the booking visit
Routine antenatal check in later pregnancy
Male reproductive system
12 The renal system
Anatomy and physiology
The history
The physical examination
Interpretation of the findings
Investigations
13 The musculoskeletal system
The history
The physical examination
Detailed examination of the musculoskeletal system
Fractures, dislocations and trauma
Investigations
14 The skin, hair and nails
Anatomy and physiology
The history
The physical examination
Investigations
Section 3 Applying History and Examination Skills in Specific Situations
Introduction
15 Babies and children
Babies
Older children
16 The patient with mental disorder
The history
The mental state examination
The physical examination
Collateral history
Psychiatric rating scales
Putting it all together: clinical vignettes
17 The frail elderly patient
Assessment of the frail elderly patient
The history
The physical examination
Interpretation of the findings
18 The deteriorating patient
Vital signs
Early warning scores
Initial assessment
The ABCDE approach
Sepsis
Ongoing management
19 The dying patient
Assessing the dying patient
Confirming and certifying death
Looking after yourself and others
Section 4 Putting History and Examination Skills to Use
Introduction
20 Preparing for assessment
General principles
Methods of assessment
Marking structures
Approach to preparation
Approach to assessment
Putting it all together
21 Preparing for practice
Adapting history and examination skills appropriately
Integrated examination
Diagnostic strategies
Approach to the patient with medically unexplained symptoms
Assessment of a patient with minor injury or illness
Assessment of a critically ill patient
Documenting your findings
Communicating with colleagues
Index
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