Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists 6th Edition
Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists Sixth Edition:
Learn how to screen for red flags and when to refer clients to a medical specialist! Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists: Screening for Referral, 6th Edition providesa step-by-step approach to screening for systemic disease and medical conditions that can mimic neuromuscular and musculoskeletal problems. It describes both red flags and yellow flags, so you can recognize the signs and symptoms for conditions outside the scope of physical therapy practice. This edition includes new information on women’s health issues. Written by experienced PT practitioner Catherine Cavallaro Goodman, this book helps you determine whether a client’s symptoms require physical therapy or physician referral!
- UNIQUE!Five-step screening model is systems- and symptoms-based, and follows the standards for competency established by the American Physical Therapy Association, covering past medical history, risk factor assessment, clinical presentation, associated signs and symptoms, and review of symptoms.Â
- UNIQUE!Case studies are based on clinical experience and give real-world examples of how to integrate screening information into the diagnostic process and when to treat or refer.
- Evidence for the screening process is based on peer-reviewed literature, reporting on the sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios of yellow (cautionary) and red (warning) flags.
- Key Points to Remember boxes at the end of each chapter provide quick, bulleted summaries of critical information.
- Quick-reference summaries include tables, boxes, follow-up questions, clinical signs and symptoms, and case examples.
- Screening tools and checklists are found in the book and on the Evolve website, and are downloadable and printable for use in the clinic.Â
- Quick response (QR) codes that can be scanned on a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile device provide links to valuable screening tools such as lists of questions for screening specific problems, checklists, intake forms, and assessment tests
- New content on women’s health expands coverage of this important topic.
- UPDATESÂ reflect the most current information on screening for referral.
- New associate editors ― John Heick and Rolando Lazaro ― bring fresh insight, as respected physical therapy educators.
- New! Color tabs make it easier to locate chapters and topics.
Additional ISBNs:
∗ eText ISBN: 0323478433, 978-0323478434, 9780323478434
- See additional information on the Amazon.
More Details
Differential Diagnosis for Physical Therapists 6th Edition:
Section I. Introduction to the Screening Process
Chapter 1. Introduction to Screening for Referral in Physical Therapy
Evidence-Based Practice
Statistics
Key Factors to Consider
Reasons to Screen
Medical Screening Versus Screening for Referral
Diagnosis by the Physical Therapist
Differential Diagnosis Versus Screening
Direct Access and Self-Referral
Decision-Making Process
Case Examples and Case Studies
Physician Referral
Red Flag
Key Points to Remember
Chapter 2. Interviewing as a Screening Tool
Concepts in Communication
Cultural Competence
The Screening Interview
Client History and Interview
Core Interview
Hospital Inpatient Information
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Case Study
Medications
Chapter 3. Pain Types and Viscerogenic Pain Patterns
Mechanisms of Referred Visceral Pain
Assessment of Pain and Symptoms
Sources of Pain
Types of Pain
Comparison of Systemic Versus Musculoskeletal Pain Patterns
Characteristics of Viscerogenic Pain
Screening for Emotional and Psychologic Overlay
Screening for Systemic Versus Psychogenic Symptoms
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 4. Physical Assessment as a Screening Tool
General Survey
Techniques of Physical Examination
Integumentary Screening Examination
Nail Bed Assessment
Lymph Node Palpation
Musculoskeletal Screening Examination
Neurologic Screening Examination
Regional Screening Examination
Systems Review … or … Review of Systems?
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Section II. Viscerogenic Causes of Neuromusculoskeletal Pain and Dysfunction
Chapter 5. Screening for Hematologic Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Hematologic Disorders
Classification of Blood Disorders
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chart Review
Chapter 6. Screening for Cardiovascular Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiovascular Disease
Cardiac Pathophysiology
Cardiovascular Disorders
Laboratory Values
Screening for the Effects of Cardiovascular Medications
Physician Referral
Noncardiac Chest Pain Patterns
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Screening for Mitral Valve Prolapse
Chapter 7. Screening for Pulmonary Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Pulmonary Disorders
Inflammatory/Infectious Disease
Genetic Disease of the Lung
Occupational Lung Diseases
Pleuropulmonary Disorders
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Physical Therapy Interview
Physician Referral
Chapter 8. Screening for Gastrointestinal Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Gastrointestinal Disorders
Gastrointestinal Disorders
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 9. Screening for Hepatic and Biliary Disease
Hepatic and Biliary Signs and Symptoms
Hepatic and Biliary Pathophysiology
Gallbladder and Duct Diseases
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 10. Screening for Urogenital Disease
Signs and Symptoms of Renal and Urologic Disorders
The Urinary Tract
Renal and Urologic Pain
Renal and Urinary Tract Problems
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Background Information
Special Questions to Ask
Examination Findings
Result
Chapter 11. Screening for Endocrine and Metabolic Disease
Endocrine-Associated Neuromuscular and Musculoskeletal Signs and Symptoms
Endocrine Pathophysiology
Introduction to Metabolism
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 12. Screening for Immunologic Disease
Using the Screening Model
Immune System Pathophysiology
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 13. Screening for Cancer
Cancer Statistics
Risk Factor Assessment
Cancer Prevention
Major Types of Cancer
Resources
Metastases
Clinical Manifestations of Malignancy
Oncologic Pain
Side Effects of Cancer Treatment
Cancers of the Musculoskeletal System
Primary Central Nervous System Tumors
Cancers of the Blood and Lymph System
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Section III. Systemic Origins of Neuromusculoskeletal Pain and Dysfunction
Chapter 14. Screening the Head, Neck, and Back
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Head, Neck, or Back
Location of Pain and Symptoms
Sources of Pain and Symptoms
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Cardiac Causes of Neck and Back Pain
Screening for Peripheral Vascular Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Pulmonary Causes of Neck and Back Pain
Screening for Renal and Urologic Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Liver and Biliary Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Gynecologic Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Male Reproductive Causes of Back Pain
Screening for Infectious Causes of Back Pain
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 15. Screening the Sacrum, Sacroiliac, and Pelvis
The Sacrum and Sacroiliac Joint
The Coccyx
The Pelvis
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Sacrum/Sacroiliac Joint
Pelvis
Client History and Interview
Practice Questions
Case Study
Chapter 16. Screening the Lower Quadrant: Buttock, Hip, Groin, Thigh, and Leg
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Lower Quadrant
Trauma as a Cause of Hip, Groin, or Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Systemic Causes of Sciatica
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Urologic Causes of Buttock, Hip, Groin, or Thigh Pain
Screening for Male Reproductive Causes of Groin Pain
Screening for Infectious and Inflammatory Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Vascular Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Screening for Other Causes of Lower Quadrant Pain
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Chapter 17. Screening the Chest, Breasts, and Ribs
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate the Chest, Breasts, or Ribs
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Chest or Rib Pain
Screening for Cardiovascular Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Pleuropulmonary Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Breast Conditions that Cause Chest or Breast Pain
Screening for Other Conditions as a Cause of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Musculoskeletal Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Screening for Neuromuscular or Neurologic Causes of Chest, Breast, or Rib Pain
Physician Referral
Referred Chest, Breast, Rib Pain Patterns
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Special Questions to Ask: Breast
Special Questions to Ask: Lymph Nodes
Special Questions to Ask: Soft Tissue Lumps or Skin Lesions
Case Study
Chapter 18. Screening the Shoulder and Upper Extremity
Using the Screening Model to Evaluate Shoulder and Upper Extremity
Screening for Pulmonary Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Cardiovascular Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Renal Causes of Upper Quadrant/Shoulder Pain
Screening for Gastrointestinal Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Liver and Biliary Causes of Shoulder/Upper Quadrant Symptoms
Screening for Rheumatic Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Infectious Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Oncologic Causes of Shoulder Pain
Screening for Gynecologic Causes of Shoulder Pain
Physician Referral
Key Points to Remember
Client History and Interview
Case Study
Appendices
Appendix A-2. Red Flags
Appendix A-3. Systemic Causes of Joint Pain
Appendix A-4. The Referral Process
Appendix B-1. Screening for Alcohol Abuse: AUDIT Questionnaire
Appendix B-2. Screening for Alcohol Abuse: CAGE Questionnaire
Appendix B-3. Assault, Intimate Partner Abuse, or Domestic Violence
Appendix B-4. Screening Bilateral Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Appendix B-5. Screening Bladder Function
Appendix B-6. Screening Bowel Function
Appendix B-7. Screening the Breast
Appendix B-8. Screening for Chest/Thorax
Appendix B-9. Screening for Depression/Anxiety (See also Appendix B-10, Screening for Depression in Older Adults)
Appendix B-10. Screening for Depression in Older Adults
Appendix B-11. Screening for Dizziness
Appendix B-12. Screening for Dyspnea (Shortness of Breath [SOB]; Dyspnea on Exertion [DOE])
Appendix B-13A. Screening for Eating Disorders
Appendix B-13B. Resources for Screening for Eating Disorders
Appendix B-14. Screening Environmental and Work History
Appendix B-15. Screening for Fibromyalgia Syndrome (FMS)
Appendix B-16. Screening for Gastrointestinal (GI) Problems
Appendix B-17. Screening Headaches
Appendix B-18. Screening Joint Pain (see also Appendix A-3: Systemic Causes of Joint Pain)
Appendix B-19. Screening Questions for Kidney and Urinary Tract Impairment
Appendix B-20. Screening for Liver (Hepatic) Impairment
Appendix B-21. Screening Soft Tissue Lumps or Skin Lesions
Appendix B-22. Screening Lymph Nodes
Appendix B-23. Screening Medications
Appendix B-24. Screening Men Experiencing Back, Hip, Pelvic, Groin, or Sacroiliac Pain
Appendix B-25. Screening Night Pain
Appendix B-26. Screening for Side Effects of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatories (NSAIDs)
Appendix B-27. Screening Unusual Odors
Appendix B-28. Screening Pain
Appendix B-29. Palpitations (chest or heart)
Appendix B-30. Screening for Prostate Problems
Appendix B-31. Screening for Psychogenic Source of Symptoms
Appendix B-32A. Taking a Sexual History
Appendix B-32B. Taking a Sexual History
Appendix B-33. Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Appendix B-34. Special Questions to Ask: Shoulder and Upper Extremity
Appendix B-35. Screening Sleep Patterns
Appendix B-36. Screening for Substance Use/Abuse
Appendix B-37. Women Experiencing Back, Hip, Pelvic, Groin, Sacroiliac (SI), or Sacral Pain
Appendix C-1. Family/Personal History (Sample)
Appendix C-2. Intake Form (Sample)
Appendix C-3. Patient Entry Questionnaire
Appendix C-4. Checklist for Red/Yellow Flags
Appendix C-5A. Simplified Wells’ Clinical Decision Rule for DVT
Appendix C-5B. Simplified Wells’ Criteria for the Clinical Assessment of Pulmonary Embolism
Appendix C-5C. Upper Extremity DVT Scale
Appendix C-6. Osteoporosis Screening Evaluation
Appendix C-7. Patient Assessment Record Form
Appendix C-8. Risk Factor Assessment for Skin Cancer
Appendix C-9. Examining a Skin Lesion or Mass
Appendix D-1. Guide to Physical Assessment During a Screening Examination
Appendix D-2. Extremity Examination Checklist
Appendix D-3. Hand and Nail Bed Assessment
Appendix D-4. Peripheral Vascular Assessment
Appendix D-5. Review of Systems
Appendix D-6. Self-Breast Examination (SBE)
Appendix D-7. Testicular Self-Examination
Index
4 4/C Tables
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