Atlas of Endoscopic Ultrasonography 2nd Edition

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contributors
Preface
About the Companion Website
1 Normal EUS Anatomy
1 Normal Human Anatomy
Introduction
Normal EUS anatomy from the esophagus
Normal EUS anatomy from the stomach
Normal EUS anatomy from the duodenum
Normal EUS anatomy from the rectum
Vascular videos
2 Esophagus
Layers of the esophageal wall
Normal radial extraesophageal anatomy (Video 2.1)
Normal linear thoracic anatomy
3 Normal Mediastinal Anatomy by EUS and EBUS
Introduction
Anatomical definitions
Equipment
Endoscopic ultrasound technique
Endobronchial ultrasound
Complications and safety
Conclusions
4 Stomach
5 Bile Duct
Normal bile duct anatomy
Normal anatomy of the bile duct and gallbladder with radial echoendoscope
Normal anatomy of the bile duct and gallbladder with linear echoendoscope
6 EUS of the Normal Pancreas
Radial examination of the pancreas
Linear examination of the pancreas
Endosonographic appearance of the normal pancreatic parenchyma
7 Liver, Spleen, and Kidneys
Introduction
Liver
Spleen
Kidney
Adrenal glands
8 Anatomy of the Anorectum
Introduction
Examination technique
Normal anatomy
2 Upper and Lower GI EUS
9 Esophageal Cancer
Introduction
Updated American Joint Committee on Cancer staging guidelines for esophageal cancer 2017 and implications for endosonographers
Role of EUS in staging of esophageal cancer
Limitations
Impact of EUS staging on management
Technique
References
10 EUS for Achalasia
Introduction
Clinical presentation and diagnosis
Role of EUS in achalasia
11 Malignant Mediastinal Lesions
12 Benign Mediastinal Lesions
13 Gastric Cancer
14 Gastric and Esophageal Subepithelial Masses
Introduction
Lipoma
Carcinoid tumors
Granular cell tumor
Duplication cyst
Pancreatic rest
Varices
Gastrointestinal stromal cell tumors and leiomyomas
Glomus tumor
Gastritis cystica profunda
Extrinsic compression lesions
15 Anorectal Neoplasia
Colorectal cancer staging by EUS
Endoscopic ultrasound for local recurrence of colorectal carcinoma
Submucosal tumors of the colorectal wall
16 Anal Sphincter Disease
Introduction
Fecal incontinence
Perianal fistula
17 Endometriosis
Introduction
Definition and location
Epidemiology and risk factors
Clinical picture
Diagnosis
Classification
Imaging methods
18 Vascular Anomalies and Abnormalities
Introduction
Aortic arch anomalies
Vascular calcification and plaques
Aneurysms and pseudoaneurysms
Venous thrombosis
Dieulafoy lesions
Neoplasms
Miscellaneous aberrancies
3 Pancreatico‐biliary
19 Duodenal and Ampullary Neoplasia
20 Biliary Tract Pathology
21 Gallbladder Pathology
Introduction
Gallbladder stones
Gallbladder polyps
Gallbladder carcinoma
22 Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma
Introduction
Tumor identification and diagnosis via fine needle aspiration or fine needle biopsy
Evaluation of vascular invasion
Evaluation of peripancreatic lymphadenopathy
Limitations and complications of EUS in patients with pancreatic cancer
Conclusion
References
23 Pancreatic Malignancy (Non‐adenocarcinoma)
Introduction
Endocrine pancreatic tumors (Figures 23.1 and 23.2)
Primary pancreatic lymphoma (Figure 23.3)
Solid pseudopapillary tumors (Figure 23.4)
Acinar cell carcinoma (Figure 23.5)
Secondary metastatic tumors (Figure 23.6)
Summary
24 Autoimmune Pancreatitis
Introduction
Endoscopic ultrasound imaging (Video 24.1)
Image‐enhancing techniques during EUS
EUS‐FNA and EUS‐FNB
Histologic features
Summary
25 Pancreatic Cystic Lesions
Introduction
Pseudocyst
Serous lesions
Mucinous lesions
Other cystic neoplasms
26 Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasms
Introduction
Clinical features
Role of imaging
Cross‐sectional imaging
Endoscopic ultrasound evaluation
Management of small IPMN (≤3 cm)
27 Chronic Pancreatitis
Introduction
Clinical overview of chronic pancreatitis
Endoscopic ultrasound imaging of the normal pancreas
EUS imaging in chronic pancreatitis: historical perspectives
EUS imaging in chronic pancreatitis: the Rosemont Criteria
Endoscopic ultrasound imaging in chronic pancreatitis: the future
28 Liver Pathology
Introduction
Cirrhosis
Fatty liver disease
Hepatic cysts
Neoplasms
Dilated intrahepatic ducts
4 How to Section
29 How to Interpret EUS‐FNA Cytology
Introduction
Technical quality of EUS biopsy material
Quality of the interpretation
Integration of pathologic and clinical information
30 How to do Mediastinal FNA
31 How to do Pancreatic Mass FNA
Introduction
The technique
32 How to do Pancreatic Cyst FNA
Introduction
Technique (Video 32.1)
Summary
33 How to do Pancreatic Pseudocyst Drainage
Introduction
Patient selection
Requisite instruments and accessories
Assessment of the pseudocyst by EUS prior to drainage
Technique for placement of plastic endoprosthesis
Technique for lumen‐apposing metal stent placement
Post‐procedure follow‐up
34 How to do EUS‐guided Pancreatic Cyst Chemoablation
Background
Pretreatment evaluation
Patient selection
Technical aspects of the procedure
Postoperative care and follow‐up
Conclusions
References
35 How to do Celiac Plexus Block
Introduction
Technique (Video 35.1)
Complications
36 How to Place Fiducials for Radiation Therapy
Introduction
Equipment
Techniques
Periprocedural care
37 How to Inject Chemotherapeutic Agents
38 How to do EUS‐guided Pelvic Abscess Drainage
Introduction
Patient preparation
Devices and accessories
Procedural technique
Clinical outcomes
Technical limitations
Conclusions
39 How to do Doppler Probe EUS for Bleeding
Background and equipment
Practical application of DopUS probe
Conclusions
40 How to do Endoscopic Ultrasound‐guided Portal Pressure Gradient Measurement
Introduction
Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided PPGM technique
References
41 How to do Endoscopic Ultrasound‐guided Liver Biopsy
Indications and contraindications
EUS‐LB technique
Postprocedure recovery after EUS‐LB
Adverse effects
Conclusions
References
42 How to do EUS‐guided Treatment of Gastric Varices
Introduction
Technique (Video 42.1)
Complicatons
43 How to do EUS‐guided Arterial Embolization
Background
Technique
Postprocedural management and complications
References
44 How to do EUS‐guided Radiofrequency Ablation of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Introduction
Methods for EUS‐guided RFA
Indications
Results for EUS‐guided RFA studies
Conclusion
References
45 How to do EUS Pancreatic Duct Access and Drainage
Introduction
Indications
Contraindications
Before the procedure
Techniques for drainage
Outcomes
Algorithm
Controversies and future directions
46 How to do EUS Gallbladder Drainage
Introduction
Background concept
Choice of stents: metal stents versus plastic stents
EUS‐GBD with LAMS
Postprocedural management
Long‐term management
Conclusion
References
47 How to do an EUS‐guided Gastrojejunostomy
Introduction
Technique (Video 47.1)
Complications
References
48 How to do EUS Elastography
Introduction
Technique
Indications
Complications
Further reading
49 How to do Contrast‐enhanced EUS
Introduction
Principle of CH‐EUS
Critical points for performing CH‐EUS
Advantages of CH‐EUS compared to other contrast‐enhanced modalities
Advantages of CH‐EUS compared to conventional EUS
Evaluation of CH‐EUS image for lesions in different organs
50 How to do EUS‐guided Ablation of Pancreatic Neurendocrine Tumors
Introduction and indications
Techniques
Conclusion and future perspectives
51 How to do EUS‐guided Needle Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of Pancreatic Cysts
Confocal laser endomicroscopy technique
52 How to use ex vivo Models in Teaching Therapeutic Endoscopic Ultrasound
Introduction
Ex vivo models
Conclusion
53 How to do Endoscopic Necrosectomy
Introduction
Preprocedure assessment
EUS evaluation of walled‐off pancreatic necrosis
Access creation: cystgastrostomy or cystenterostomy
Necrosectomy tools and technique
Complication management
Conclusion
References
54 How to Perform Pancreatic Mass Fine Needle Biopsy
Introduction
Technique (Video 54.1)
Summary
55 How to Perform Endoscopic Ultrasound‐directed Transgastric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (EDGE)
Introduction
Technique
Post‐EDGE fistula management
Summary
Index
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